Introduction to MS Excel
About MS Excel
(एमएस एक्सेल के बारे में)
Microsoft Excel is an electronic spreadsheet with numerous rows and
columns, used for organizing data, graphically representing data(s), and
performing different calculations. It consists of 1048576 rows and 16384
columns.
A row and column together make a cell. Each cell has an address defined by
column name and row number, example A1, D2, etc. This is also known as a
cell reference.
(माइक्रोसॉफ्ट एक्सेल एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक स्प्रेडशीट है जिसमें कई पंक्तियाँ
और कॉलम होते हैं, जिसका उपयोग डेटा को व्यवस्थित करने, डेटा का ग्राफिकल
प्रतिनिधित्व करने और विभिन्न गणनाएँ करने के लिए किया जाता है। इसमें
1048576 पंक्तियाँ और 16384 कॉलम होते हैं।
एक पंक्ति और कॉलम मिलकर एक सेल बनाते हैं। प्रत्येक सेल का एक पता होता है
जो कॉलम नाम और पंक्ति संख्या द्वारा परिभाषित होता है, जैसे A1, D2, आदि।
इसे सेल संदर्भ के रूप में भी जाना जाता है।)
What is MS Excel?
(एमएस एक्सेल क्या है?)
MS Excel is a software application designed for creating tables to input
and organize data. It provides a user-friendly way to analyze and work
with data. The Excel file extension is .xlsx.
(एमएस एक्सेल एक सॉफ्टवेयर एप्लिकेशन है जिसे डेटा को इनपुट और व्यवस्थित
करने के लिए टेबल बनाने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है। यह डेटा के साथ
विश्लेषण और काम करने के लिए एक उपयोगकर्ता के अनुकूल तरीका प्रदान करता
है। एक्सेल फ़ाइल एक्सटेंशन .xlsx है।)
What is a Cell?
(सेल क्या है?)
A cell is created at the intersection point where rows and columns meet,
forming a rectangular box.
(एक सेल उस इंटरसेक्शन पॉइंट पर बनता है जहाँ पंक्तियाँ और कॉलम मिलते
हैं, एक आयताकार बॉक्स का निर्माण करते हैं।)
What is Cell Address or Cell Reference?
(सेल एड्रेस या सेल रेफरेंस
क्या है?)
The address or name of a cell or a range of cells is known as cell
reference or cell address. It help the software to identify the cell from
where the data/value is to be used in the formula.
(एक सेल या सेल की श्रृंखला का पता या नाम सेल एड्रेस या सेल रेफरेंस के रूप
में जाना जाता है। यह सॉफ़्टवेयर को उस सेल की पहचान करने में मदद करता है
जहाँ से डेटा सूत्र में उपयोग किया जाना है।)
There are three types of cell references in excel:
(एक्सेल में तीन प्रकार के सेल रेफरेंस होते हैं:)
1. Relative reference (e.g. A1, B2, etc)
2. Absolute reference (e.g. $A$1, $B$2, etc.)
3. Mixed reference (e.g. $A1, B$2, etc.)
Shortcut Keys used in MS Excel
| Shortcut Key | Description |
|---|---|
| F2 | Enters edit mode for the active cell |
| F4 | Repeats the last action. Also, writing a formula allows you to switch between relative, absolute, and mixed references |
| F5 | Displays the Go To dialog box |
| F7 | Check the spelling of text |
| F8 | Activates Expand Selection mode, which allows you to enlarge the selected range using the arrow keys |
| F9 | Calculates the result of formulas for all sheets of open workbooks |
| F11 | Creates a chart sheet with the selected cell range |
| F12 | Displays the Save As dialog box |
| Home | Moves to the beginning of the row |
| Delete | Deletes the content of a cell |
| Backspace | Deletes the contents of a cell and enters into edit mode |
| Page Up | Moves one screen up within the sheet |
| Page Down | Moves one screen down within the sheet |
| Ctrl + 1 | Opens the Format Cells dialog box |
| Ctrl + 2 | Applies bold formatting to selected text |
| Ctrl + 3 | Applies italic formatting to selected text |
| Ctrl + 4 | Underlines the selected text |
| Ctrl + 5 | Applies the strikethrough effect to the text |
| Ctrl + 6 | Hides or shows the objects on the sheet |
| Ctrl + 9 | Hides the selected row |
| Ctrl + 0 | Hides the selected column |
| Ctrl + A | Select all |
| Ctrl + B | Applies bold formatting to selected text |
| Ctrl + C | Copies the selected cells |
| Ctrl + D | Copies the contents and format of the topmost cell of a selected range in the below cells |
| Ctrl + F | Opens the Find dialog box |
| Ctrl + G | Opens the Go To dialog box so that you can work on a specific reference (cell) |
| Ctrl + H | Opens the Replace dialog box |
| Ctrl + I | Italicize the selected cell(s) |
| Ctrl + K | Hyperlinks in a cell |
| Ctrl + L | Opens the Create Table dialog box |
| Ctrl + O | Opens an existing workbook |
| Ctrl + N | Creates a new workbook |
| Ctrl + P | Displays the Print dialog box |
| Ctrl + R | Copies the contents and format of the leftmost cell of a selected range in the right cells |
| Ctrl + S | Saves the workbook |
| Ctrl + T | Opens the Create Table dialog box |
| Ctrl + U | Underlines the selected text |
| Ctrl + V | Pastes the contents of the clipboard |
| Ctrl + W | Closes the workbook |
| Ctrl + X | Cuts the selected cells |
| Ctrl + Y | Redoes the last undone action |
| Ctrl + Z | Undoes the last action |
| Ctrl + F1 | Displays/hides the ribbon |
| Ctrl + F2 | Opens the Print Preview section |
| Ctrl + F3 | Opens Name Manager dialog box |
| Ctrl + F4 | Closes the active workbook |
| Ctrl + F6 | Switches to the next workbook window if more than one workbook windows is open |
| Ctrl + F9 | Minimizes the current workbook window to an icon |
| Ctrl + F10 | Maximizes the window of a minimized workbook |
| Ctrl + F11 | Inserts a macros sheet into the current workbook |
| Ctrl + F12 | Displays the Open dialog box |
| Ctrl + `(Back tick) | Displays the formula in each cell instead of the resulting value |
| Ctrl + ; (semicolon) | Insert the current date |
| Ctrl + : (colon) | Inserts the current time |
| Ctrl + " (double quotes) | Copies the value of the cell above |
| Ctrl + ' (single quote) | Copies the formula from the cell above |
| Ctrl + Enter | Fills the selected cell range with the current input |
| Shift + F9 | Calculates the formulas of the current sheet |
| Shift + F12 | Displays the Save As dialog box |
| Alt + F2 | Displays the Save As dialog box |
| Alt + F4 | Closes Excel |
| Alt + F8 | Opens the Macro dialog box |
| Alt + = | Inserts an AutoSum of the adjacent |
| Alt + Enter | Inserts a line break within a cell |
| Enter | Completes a cell entry and selects the cell located below |
| Shift + Enter | Completes a cell entry and selects the top cell |
| Tab | Completes a cell entry and selects the cell to the right |
| Shift + Tab | Completes a cell entry and selects the cell to the left |
| Ctrl + Space | Select the current column |
| Shift + Space | Select the current row |
| Esc | Cancels the entry of a cell. It also closes any displayed dialog |